Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Epipen Jr
Sensorcaine
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Epinephrine Injection
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Citanest Forte
Adyphren II Kit
Gingi-pak Pellets
Taroclick Epinephrine
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Minnerva II
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Prime Asthma Relief
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Lidocaine Hci
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Symjepi
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Anapen
Adyphren Amp Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Lidosite
Twinject
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Primatene Mist Refill
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Ultacan
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Sensorcaine Mpf
Numquick Analgesic
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
The Solution
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Lidocaine
EpinephrineSnap-V
Epinephrine
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Pro Numb
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Adrenalin(r)
Posicaine Sp
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Vasocaine
Septanest Sp
Septanest N
Articadent
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Octocaine 50
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Medihaler-Epi
Zone 2
Xylocaine MPF
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Auvi-Q
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Leep RediKit
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Neffy
Adrenaclick
Ana-kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Lignospan Standard
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Adrenalin Vials
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Emerade
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Articaine
Blue Gel Anesthetic
QKit Procedure Tray
Orabloc 1:100,000
Zorcaine
Lignospan Forte
LIDOCAINE HCl
Septocaine
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Lixtraxen 1%
EpiPen Jr
Orostat 8%
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Marcaine
Epipen
Epinephrine Injection USP
Epinephrine Professional
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Allerject
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Orabloc 1:200,000
Ephinephrine
Octocaine 100
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
EPY II Kit
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Anapen Junior
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Ultracaine D-S Injection
EPY Kit
Primatene Mist
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Ultacan Forte
D-Care 100X
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Marcaine E
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Orabloc
Ultracaine DS Inj
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Adyphren Kit
EpiPen
Xylocaine
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Vivacaine
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Posicaine N
Adrenalin
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Dysne Inhal
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
