Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Allerject
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Octocaine 100
Adyphren Amp Kit
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
The Solution
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Medihaler-Epi
Xylocaine MPF
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
EpinephrineSnap-V
D-Care 100X
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Octocaine 50
Epipen Jr
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Orabloc
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Dysne Inhal
Epinephrinesnap-V
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Epipen
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Vivacaine
Pro Numb
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Septocaine
Septanest Sp
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Marcaine E
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Anapen
Emerade
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Pellets
Marcaine With Epinephrine
EPY Kit
Anapen Junior
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
LIDOCAINE HCl
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Numquick Topical Analgesic
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Auvi-Q
Minnerva II
QKit Procedure Tray
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Sensorcaine Mpf
Epinephrine Professional
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Ultracaine DS Inj
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Lignospan Standard
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Adyphren II Kit
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Sensorcaine
Vasocaine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Marcaine
Prime Asthma Relief
Adrenalin(r)
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Ultacan
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Orabloc 1:100,000
Leep RediKit
Zone 2
Taroclick Epinephrine
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Symjepi
Adrenaclick
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Articaine
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Articadent
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Ana-kit
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Primatene Mist Refill
Ephinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Epinephrine
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Lignospan Forte
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Neffy
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Xylocaine
Adyphren Kit
Citanest Forte
Septanest N
Ultacan Forte
Lidocaine
Twinject
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Zorcaine
Posicaine Sp
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
EpiPen Jr
Lidosite
Sensorcaine Forte
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Posicaine N
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Orabloc 1:200,000
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Blue Gel Anesthetic
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Injection
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Adyphren Amp II Kit
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Numquick Analgesic
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Epinephrine Injection USP
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Lidocaine Hci
EPY II Kit
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Marcaine with Epinephrine
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Orostat 8%
Adrenalin Vials
Primatene Mist
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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